1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
6 * events about window (dis-)appearance. Only one X connection at a time is
7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking. Due reading
10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
17 * set the override_redirect flag. Clients are organized in a global
18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
19 * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
22 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
24 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
33 #include <sys/select.h>
34 #include <sys/types.h>
36 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
37 #include <X11/keysym.h>
38 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
40 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
41 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
43 #include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
47 #define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
48 #define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
49 #define BUTTONMASK (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
50 #define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
51 #define LENGTH(x) (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
53 #define MOUSEMASK (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
54 #define TAGMASK ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
55 #define TEXTW(x) (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
56 #define ISVISIBLE(x) (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
59 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast }; /* cursor */
60 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast }; /* color */
61 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast }; /* EWMH atoms */
62 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
63 enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
64 ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast }; /* clicks */
67 typedef unsigned int uint;
68 typedef unsigned long ulong;
81 void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
85 typedef struct Client Client;
90 int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
93 Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
112 } DC; /* draw context */
117 void (*func)(const Arg *);
123 void (*arrange)(void);
128 const char *instance;
134 /* function declarations */
135 static void applyrules(Client *c);
136 static void arrange(void);
137 static void attach(Client *c);
138 static void attachstack(Client *c);
139 static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
140 static void checkotherwm(void);
141 static void cleanup(void);
142 static void clearurgent(void);
143 static void configure(Client *c);
144 static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
145 static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
146 static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
147 static void detach(Client *c);
148 static void detachstack(Client *c);
149 static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
150 static void drawbar(void);
151 static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
152 static void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
153 static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
154 static void expose(XEvent *e);
155 static void focus(Client *c);
156 static void focusin(XEvent *e);
157 static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
158 static Client *getclient(Window w);
159 static ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
160 static long getstate(Window w);
161 static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
162 static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
163 static void grabkeys(void);
164 static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
165 static Bool isoccupied(uint t);
166 static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
167 static Bool isurgent(uint t);
168 static void keypress(XEvent *e);
169 static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
170 static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
171 static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
172 static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
173 static void monocle(void);
174 static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
175 static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
176 static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
177 static void quit(const Arg *arg);
178 static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
179 static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
180 static void restack(void);
181 static void run(void);
182 static void scan(void);
183 static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
184 static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
185 static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
186 static void setup(void);
187 static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
188 static void tag(const Arg *arg);
189 static int textnw(const char *text, uint len);
190 static void tile(void);
191 static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
192 static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
193 static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
194 static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
195 static void unmanage(Client *c);
196 static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
197 static void updatebar(void);
198 static void updategeom(void);
199 static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
200 static void updatetitle(Client *c);
201 static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
202 static void view(const Arg *arg);
203 static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
204 static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
205 static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
206 static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
209 static char stext[256];
210 static int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
211 static int by, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
212 static uint seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
213 static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
214 static uint numlockmask = 0;
215 static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
216 [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
217 [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
218 [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
219 [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
220 [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
223 [KeyPress] = keypress,
224 [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
225 [MapRequest] = maprequest,
226 [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
227 [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
229 static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
230 static Bool otherwm, readin;
231 static Bool running = True;
232 static uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
233 static Client *clients = NULL;
234 static Client *sel = NULL;
235 static Client *stack = NULL;
236 static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
239 static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
240 static Window root, barwin;
241 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
244 /* compile-time check if all tags fit into an uint bit array. */
245 struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(uint) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
247 /* function implementations */
249 applyrules(Client *c) {
252 XClassHint ch = { 0 };
255 XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
256 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
258 if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
259 && (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
260 && (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
261 c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
262 c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
270 c->tags = tagset[seltags];
277 for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
279 XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
280 if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
281 resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
284 XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
288 if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
289 lt[sellt]->arrange();
300 attachstack(Client *c) {
306 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
310 XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
313 if(ev->window == barwin) {
315 do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
316 if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
320 else if(ev->x < x + blw)
322 else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
323 click = ClkStatusText;
327 else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
329 click = ClkClientWin;
332 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
333 if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
334 && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
335 buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
341 XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
343 /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
344 XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
347 die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
348 XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
349 xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
356 Layout foo = { "", NULL };
364 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
366 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
367 XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
368 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
370 XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
371 XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
372 XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
373 XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
375 XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
383 for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
384 if(ISVISIBLE(c) && c->isurgent) {
386 if (!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
389 wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
390 XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
396 configure(Client *c) {
399 ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
407 ce.border_width = c->bw;
409 ce.override_redirect = False;
410 XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
414 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
415 XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
417 if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
427 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
429 XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
432 if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
433 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
434 c->bw = ev->border_width;
435 else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
436 if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
438 if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
440 if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
442 if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
444 if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
445 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
446 if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
447 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
448 if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
451 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
459 wc.width = ev->width;
460 wc.height = ev->height;
461 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
462 wc.sibling = ev->above;
463 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
464 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
470 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
472 XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
474 if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
482 for(tc = &clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
487 detachstack(Client *c) {
490 for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
495 die(const char *errstr, ...) {
498 va_start(ap, errstr);
499 vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
509 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
510 dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
511 if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
512 drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
513 drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
516 drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
517 drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
523 drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
534 drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
535 if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
538 drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
539 drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
542 drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
544 XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
549 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
552 XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
554 gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
555 XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
556 x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
560 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
561 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
564 r.width = r.height = x;
565 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
570 drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
571 int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
572 XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
575 XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
576 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
580 len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
581 memcpy(buf, text, len);
582 h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
583 y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
585 /* shorten text if necessary */
586 for(; len && (i = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
590 for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
591 XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
593 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
595 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
599 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
601 XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
603 if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
605 if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
613 XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
615 if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
621 if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
622 for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
623 if(sel && sel != c) {
624 grabbuttons(sel, False);
625 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
630 grabbuttons(c, True);
631 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
632 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
635 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
641 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
642 XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
644 if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
645 XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
649 focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
650 Client *c = NULL, *i;
655 for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
657 for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
660 for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
664 for(; i; i = i->next)
675 getclient(Window w) {
678 for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
683 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
684 Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
687 if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
688 die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
696 unsigned char *p = NULL;
700 status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
701 &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
702 if(status != Success)
711 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
716 if(!text || size == 0)
719 XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
722 if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
723 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
725 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
727 strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
728 XFreeStringList(list);
731 text[size - 1] = '\0';
737 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
739 uint modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
741 XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
743 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
744 if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
745 for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
746 XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
748 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
749 BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
756 XModifierKeymap *modmap;
758 /* init modifier map */
759 modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
760 for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
761 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
762 if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
763 numlockmask = (1 << i);
765 XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
767 XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
768 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
769 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
770 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
771 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
772 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
773 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
774 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
775 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
776 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
777 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
782 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
783 char *def, **missing;
788 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
789 dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
792 fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
793 XFreeStringList(missing);
796 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
797 XFontStruct **xfonts;
799 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
800 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
801 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
802 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
803 dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
804 dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
810 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
811 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
812 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
813 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
814 die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
815 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
816 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
818 dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
825 for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
832 isprotodel(Client *c) {
837 if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
838 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
839 if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
850 for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
851 if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
857 keypress(XEvent *e) {
863 keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
864 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
865 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
866 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
868 keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
872 killclient(const Arg *arg) {
877 if(isprotodel(sel)) {
878 ev.type = ClientMessage;
879 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
880 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
881 ev.xclient.format = 32;
882 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
883 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
884 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
887 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
891 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
892 Client *c, *t = NULL;
897 if(!(c = calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
898 die("fatal: could not calloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
906 c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
907 if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
910 c->bw = wa->border_width;
913 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
914 c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
915 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
916 c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
917 c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
918 /* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
919 c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
923 wc.border_width = c->bw;
924 XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
925 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
926 configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
928 XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
929 grabbuttons(c, False);
931 if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
932 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
938 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
940 XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
943 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
944 XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
945 setclientstate(c, NormalState);
950 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
951 XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
953 XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
954 if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
959 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
960 static XWindowAttributes wa;
961 XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
963 if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
965 if(wa.override_redirect)
967 if(!getclient(ev->window))
968 manage(ev->window, &wa);
975 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
976 resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
980 movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
981 int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
992 if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
993 None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
995 XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
997 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1000 XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1002 case ConfigureRequest:
1005 handler[ev.type](&ev);
1009 nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1010 ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1011 if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1012 && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1013 if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1015 else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1016 nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1017 if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1019 else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1020 ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1021 if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1022 togglefloating(NULL);
1024 if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1025 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1032 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1033 for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1038 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1041 XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1043 if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1044 return; /* ignore */
1045 if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1048 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1049 XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1050 if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1053 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1061 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1070 quit(const Arg *arg) {
1071 readin = running = False;
1075 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1079 /* set minimum possible */
1083 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1087 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1088 if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1089 if(c->maxa < (float) w/h)
1091 else if(c->mina > (float) h/w)
1095 /* adjust for increment value */
1101 /* restore base dimensions */
1105 w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1106 h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1109 w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1112 h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1114 if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1117 x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1119 y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1120 if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1122 if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1128 if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1131 c->w = wc.width = w;
1132 c->h = wc.height = h;
1133 wc.border_width = c->bw;
1134 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1135 CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1142 resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1153 if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1154 None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1156 XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1158 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1161 XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1162 c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1163 XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1164 while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1166 case ConfigureRequest:
1169 handler[ev.type](&ev);
1173 nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1174 nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1176 if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1177 && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1178 if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1179 && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1180 togglefloating(NULL);
1182 if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1183 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1198 if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1199 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1200 if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1201 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1202 wc.sibling = barwin;
1203 for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1204 if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1205 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1206 wc.sibling = c->win;
1210 while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1216 char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1222 /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1224 xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1227 len = sizeof stext - 1;
1228 sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1232 FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1234 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1237 die("select failed\n");
1239 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1240 switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1242 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1246 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1250 for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1251 if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1253 strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1254 p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1255 for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1258 memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1265 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1266 XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1267 if(handler[ev.type])
1268 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1276 Window *wins, d1, d2;
1277 XWindowAttributes wa;
1280 if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1281 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1282 if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1283 || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1285 if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1286 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1288 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1289 if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1291 if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1292 && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1293 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1301 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1302 long data[] = {state, None};
1304 XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1305 PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1309 setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1310 if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1313 lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1320 /* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1322 setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1325 if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1327 f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1328 if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1338 XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1341 screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1342 root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1346 sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1347 sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1348 bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1349 lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1350 lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1354 wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1355 wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1356 wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1357 wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1358 netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1359 netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1362 wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1363 cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1364 cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1366 /* init appearance */
1367 dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1368 dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1369 dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1370 dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1371 dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1372 dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1373 dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1374 dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1375 XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1377 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1380 for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1381 w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1385 wa.override_redirect = 1;
1386 wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1387 wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1389 barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1390 CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1391 CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1392 XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1393 XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1394 strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1397 /* EWMH support per view */
1398 XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1399 PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1401 /* select for events */
1402 wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1403 |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1404 XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1405 XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1413 spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1414 /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1415 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1419 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1421 execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1422 fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1431 tag(const Arg *arg) {
1432 if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1433 sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1439 textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1443 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1446 return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1455 for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1460 c = nexttiled(clients);
1462 resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1468 x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1470 w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1475 for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1476 resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1477 ? (wy + wh) - y : h) - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1479 y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1484 togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1492 togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1495 sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1497 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1502 toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1503 uint mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1512 toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1513 uint mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1516 tagset[seltags] = mask;
1523 unmanage(Client *c) {
1526 wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1527 /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1529 XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1530 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1535 XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1536 setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1539 XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1545 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1547 XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1549 if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1555 if(dc.drawable != 0)
1556 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1557 dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1558 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1565 XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1567 /* window area geometry */
1568 if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1569 info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1570 wx = info[xidx].x_org;
1571 wy = showbar && topbar ? info[xidx].y_org + bh : info[xidx].y_org;
1572 ww = info[xidx].width;
1573 wh = showbar ? info[xidx].height - bh : info[xidx].height;
1580 wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1582 wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1586 by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1590 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1594 XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize);
1595 if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1596 c->basew = size.base_width;
1597 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1599 else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1600 c->basew = size.min_width;
1601 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1604 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1605 if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1606 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1607 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1610 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1611 if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1612 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1613 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1616 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1617 if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1618 c->minw = size.min_width;
1619 c->minh = size.min_height;
1621 else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1622 c->minw = size.base_width;
1623 c->minh = size.base_height;
1626 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1627 if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1628 c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1629 c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1632 c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1633 c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1634 && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1638 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1639 if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1640 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1644 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1647 if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1648 if(ISVISIBLE(c) && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1649 wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1650 XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1653 c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1660 view(const Arg *arg) {
1661 if(arg && (arg->i & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1663 seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1664 if(arg && (arg->ui & TAGMASK))
1665 tagset[seltags] = arg->i & TAGMASK;
1670 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1671 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's). Other types of errors call Xlibs
1672 * default error handler, which may call exit. */
1674 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1675 if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1676 || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1677 || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1678 || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1679 || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1680 || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1681 || (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1682 || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1683 || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1685 fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1686 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1687 return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1691 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1695 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1696 * is already running. */
1698 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1704 zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1707 if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1709 if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1710 if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1719 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1720 if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1721 die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1723 die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1725 if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1726 fprintf(stderr, "warning: no locale support\n");
1728 if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1729 die("dwm: cannot open display\n");